Loading... ## 博客地址 [开发者的 Debian 12 KDE 配置优化指南](https://www.leviatan.cn/archives/31/) ## 0x00 简介 本文仅适用于配置 Debian 12 Bullseye 文中包含 KDE 桌面配置 文中使用 `debianuser` 代替用户名，执行命令或复制配置时请注意替换 文中涉及的带版本号的软件包/环境，版本号使用 `xxx` 代替，请根据实际情况安装最新版本或自己需要的版本 本文编辑整理时间距离实践时间相隔过长，编辑过程中可能出现不准确内容，如果在您的时间过程中发现与本文不符的情况，请尽量在评论区留言，我将尽快确认更新 ## 0x01 基础配置 该步骤中大部分操作需要重启，所以不要根据配置完成后应用是否能正常使用来判断配置应用情况 在该步骤末尾会重启一次应用所有配置 ### 使用英文重命名 `/home` 目录下文件夹 ```bash cd ~ mkdir Desktop Download Templates Public Documents Music Pictures Videos rm -rf 公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面 xdg-user-dirs-update --set DESKTOP ~/Desktop xdg-user-dirs-update --set DOWNLOAD ~/Download xdg-user-dirs-update --set TEMPLATES ~/Templates xdg-user-dirs-update --set PUBLICSHARE ~/Public xdg-user-dirs-update --set DOCUMENTS ~/Documents xdg-user-dirs-update --set MUSIC ~/Music xdg-user-dirs-update --set PICTURES ~/Pictures xdg-user-dirs-update --set VIDEOS ~/Videos ``` ### 将用户添加到 sudoers 中 该步骤需要先切换到 `root` 身份，有两个方案 1. 切换到新的 tty `Ctrl + Alt + F3` 切换到纯命令行界面的新终端，并以 `root` 身份登录进行操作 结束后使用 `exit` 退出终端，按 `Ctrl + Alt + F1/F2` 切换回用户身份图形界面 2. 通过 SSH ```bash ssh root@localhost ``` 结束后使用 `exit` 退出终端 > 以下命令在 `root` 身份下执行 ```bash chmod +w /etc/sudoers cat >> /etc/sudoers << EOF debianuser ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL EOF chmod -w /etc/sudoers exit ``` > 以上命令在 `root` 身份下执行 ### 更换软件源 ```bash sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<-'EOF' deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-proposed-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-proposed-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware # deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware EOF sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade sudo apt dist-upgrade ``` ### 其他软件源 #### Docker CE ```bash sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker-ce.list <<-'EOF' deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian bookworm stable EOF sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin ``` ### 配置基础软件包 ```bash sudo apt install vim wget curl htop git proxychains4 screenfetch tmux bash-completion fcitx5-rime chromium fcitx5-material-color zsh fonts-powerline fzf net-tools openssh-server firewalld bat chromium ``` 安装的软件包 | 包名 | 用途 | | :-------------------: | :------------------------- | | vim | 终端文本编辑器 | | wget | 终端文件下载工具 | | curl | 终端 URL 工具 | | htop | 系统监控与进程管理工具 | | git | 版本控制工具 | | proxychains4 | 终端代理 | | screenfetch | 在终端显示系统信息 | | tmux | 终端复用器 | | bash-completion | bash 自动补全 | | fcitx5-rime | 基于 fcitx5 的 rime 输入法 | | fcitx5-material-color | fcitx5 主题 | | chromium | Chromium 浏览器 | | zsh | 终端解释器 | | fonts-powerline | powerline 字体 | | fzf | 终端模糊搜索工具 | | net-tools | 网络配置工具 | | openssh-server | OpenSSH 服务器 | | firewalld | 防火墙 | | bat | 更强大的 cat 命令 | ### 卸载无用软件包 主要卸载一些多语言支持和游戏包，可跳过 #### KDE ```bash sudo apt remove --purge ibus* goldendict sudo apt autoremove --purge ``` ### 无线网卡驱动 如果你的电脑存在无线网卡，并且在安装好操作系统之后发现无线网卡无法使用，请尝试如下步骤 ```bash sudo apt install firmware-iwlwifi sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi sudo modprobe iwlwifi ``` ### Nvidia 显卡驱动 如果你的电脑存在 Nvidia 显卡，并且在安装好操作系统之后发现显卡无法使用，请尝试如下步骤 ```bash sudo apt install nvidia-detect sudo nvidia-detect ``` 该步骤会根据硬件检测应该安装哪些驱动，请按照输出安装对应的驱动，例如提示 `nvidia-driver` ```bash sudo apt install nvidia-driver ``` ### tmux 快捷键 ```bash sudo tee /etc/tmux.conf <<-'EOF' set -g prefix C-a unbind C-b bind C-a send-prefix EOF ``` ### 安装 Clash for Windows 从 [GitHub - Fndroid/clash_for_windows_pkg](https://github.com/Fndroid/clash_for_windows_pkg) 下载 CFW，注意下载 `Clash.for.Windows-x.xx.x-x64-linux.tar.gz` 将其解压到 `~/.local/share/cfw` ```bash mkdir ~/.local/share/cfw tar zxvf Clash.for.Windows-x.xx.x-x64-linux.tar.gz -C ~/.local/share/cfw --strip-components 1 ``` 创建 `~/.local/share/applications/cfw.desktop` 用于显示桌面图标 ```bash touch ~/.local/share/applications/cfw.desktop tee ~/.local/share/applications/cfw.desktop <<-'EOF' [Desktop Entry] Version=1.0 Name=Clash For Windows GenericName=Clash For Windows Comment=Clash For Windows for Linux Exec=/home/debianuser/.local/share/cfw Terminal=false Type=Application Icon=/home/debianuser/.local/share/cfw/logo.png Categories=Network EOF ``` ### 配置 Advanced Copy 仓库位于 [GitHub - jarun/advcpmv](https://github.com/jarun/advcpmv)，无需手动下载 ```bash wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/coreutils-9.3.tar.xz tar Jxvf coreutils-9.3.tar.xz cd coreutils-9.3/ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jarun/advcpmv/master/advcpmv-0.9-9.3.patch patch -p1 -i advcpmv-0.9-9.3.patch ./configure make sudo chmod +x ./src/cp ./src/mv sudo chown root:root ./src/cp ./src/mv sudo mv ./src/cp /usr/local/bin/cpg sudo mv ./src/mv /usr/local/bin/mvg ``` ### 配置 ZSH 切换到 zsh ```bash chsh -s /bin/zsh # If you have a specific zshrc sudo cp ~/.zshrc /root ``` 完成以上步骤后切换到 `root` 用户将自动为其配置 zsh， zinit 及 `.zshrc` 中配置的插件 ### 重启 ```bash sudo reboot ``` ## 0x02 安装应用 下载 [Google Chrome](https://www.google.cn/chrome/) 下载 [Microsoft Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) 下载 [JetBrains Toolbox App](https://www.jetbrains.com/toolbox-app/) 下载 [Go for Linux](https://golang.org/dl/) 下载 [nvm](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/) ```bash sudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb sudo apt install ./code_xxx_amd64.deb sudo apt remove --purge 'firefox-esr*' ``` ### JetBrains Toolbox 用于管理 JetBrains IDE ```bash tar zxvf jetbrains-toolbox-xxx.tar.gz ./jetbrains-toolbox-xxx/jetbrains-toolbox ``` <!-- #### Activate by server 下载 [GitHub - ja-netfilter/ja-netfilter](https://github.com/ja-netfilter/ja-netfilter)，解压到 `/usr/local/JetBrains/ja-netfilter` 修改 `config` 中配置如下 ```config [DNS] EQUAL,jetbrains.com [URL] PREFIX,https://account.jetbrains.com/lservice/rpc/validateKey.action [Result] EQUAL,120506319308405029943033101198259523557651500267734599270782782071425072541184605728867830395125412768750966448411447392137801711908001958831204692561738046570955709184538088569271703484602917023462976408329100293802371486063140115775311907530943821345005598057265747678100463689973450156515895355214983079672467769169324175533323801179755544364921063654340185317077965735659865485150734884110709760680757502730007505995422237875348017761382234951127263548660889969621730944377739766734765769747684457663965611896398862841334032542726392699785677440644859509166466497325071885386505404431787167239320957696896447925472784312642576835792921100239616617639216190447230487878404191838684279341834945197861631446454083984351911070798505031973496634229907567362853550735007045265430703581336189733180744888091740381912913980707537008943084904260746266383019688346709856215660232636334604552145129775009725685598798774376749830567219982166661918408832945395290223853748014160473876195098438959881711585152480525870219408398012002829112863175041709512032251930709608035158747101960447898838942705485214217426612863919268749874079707310181890737049603255938886865558759802593500502795018952114650332765839003032013708006750600413455628536259,65537,860106576952879101192782278876319243486072481962999610484027161162448933268423045647258145695082284265933019120714643752088997312766689988016808929265129401027490891810902278465065056686129972085119605237470899952751915070244375173428976413406363879128531449407795115913715863867259163957682164040613505040314747660800424242248055421184038777878268502955477482203711835548014501087778959157112423823275878824729132393281517778742463067583320091009916141454657614089600126948087954465055321987012989937065785013284988096504657892738536613208311013047138019418152103262155848541574327484510025594166239784429845180875774012229784878903603491426732347994359380330103328705981064044872334790365894924494923595382470094461546336020961505275530597716457288511366082299255537762891238136381924520749228412559219346777184174219999640906007205260040707839706131662149325151230558316068068139406816080119906833578907759960298749494098180107991752250725928647349597506532778539709852254478061194098069801549845163358315116260915270480057699929968468068015735162890213859113563672040630687357054902747438421559817252127187138838514773245413540030800888215961904267348727206110582505606182944023582459006406137831940959195566364811905585377246353->31872219281407242025505148642475109331663948030010491344733687844358944945421064967310388547820970408352359213697487269225694990179009814674781374751323403257628081559561462351695605167675284372388551941279783515209238245831229026662363729380633136520288327292047232179909791526492877475417113579821717193807584807644097527647305469671333646868883650312280989663788656507661713409911267085806708237966730821529702498972114194166091819277582149433578383639532136271637219758962252614390071122773223025154710411681628917523557526099053858210363406122853294409830276270946292893988830514538950951686480580886602618927728470029090747400687617046511462665469446846624685614084264191213318074804549715573780408305977947238915527798680393538207482620648181504876534152430149355791756374642327623133843473947861771150672096834149014464956451480803326284417202116346454345929350148770746553056995922154382822307758515805142704373984019252210715650875853634697920708113806880196144197384637328982263167395073688501517286678083973976140696077590122053014085412828620051470085033364773099146103525313018873319293728800442101520384088109603555959893639842091339193857485407672132882577840295039058621747654642202620767068924079813640067442975 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``` 在 `.vmoptions` 中写入 ```config -javaagent:/usr/local/JetBrains/ja-netfilter/ja-netfilter.jar=jetbrains ``` 使用[认证服务器](https://jetbra.in/)授权 --> #### Activate by code 访问 [jetbra.in/s](https://jetbra.in/s)，网站使用 IPFS 存储，如果跳转到 `JETBRA.IN CHECKER | IPFS`，在列表中选择任意可用节点访问即可 下载页面顶部的 `jetbra.zip`，按照 README 说明配置即可 ### Go & nvm & Java 建议将 go 和 nvm 分别安装到 `/usr/local/go` 和 `/usr/local/nvm` 下 为 java 创建 `/usr/local/java` 目录，将各版本 jdk 统一解压到该目录下便于管理 ```bash sudo mkdir /usr/local/go sudo mkdir /usr/local/nvm sudo chown debianuser:debianuser -R /usr/local/go sudo chown debianuser:debianuser -R /usr/local/nvm tar zxvf Downloads/goxxxlinux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/go/ --strip-components=1 chmod +x nvm_install.sh NVM_DIR="/usr/local/nvm" ./nvm_install.sh sudo tee /etc/zsh/zprofile <<-'EOF' source /etc/profile export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node export GOROOT='/usr/local/go' export GOPATH="$HOME/.go" export GOENV="$HOME/.config/go/env" export GOCACHE="$HOME/.cache/go-build" export JAVA_HOME='/usr/local/java/jdk-xxx' export PATH="$PATH:$GOROOT/bin" export PATH="$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin" EOF source /etc/zsh/zprofile ``` 配置 Go Modules，Go 代理并切换 npm 源 ```bash go env -w GO111MODULE=on go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,https://goproxy.io,direct nvm install --lts nvm alias default --lts npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com/ ``` <!-- ### 安装 MySQL Server 及 MySQL Workbench 由于 MySQL Workbench 依赖 Python 版本较高，MySQL 在 Debian 源中禁用了该包 访问 [MySQL Product Archives](https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/workbench/) 下载适用于 Ubuntu 18.04 的 8.0.22 安装包 由于 MySQL Workbench 窗口实现依赖 Gnome 密钥管理，需要安装 `gnome-keyring` 包 ```bash sudo apt install mysql-server sudo systemctl start mysql sudo systemctl enable mysql sudo apt install gnome-keyring sudo apt install ./Downloads/mysql-workbench-community_8.0.23-1ubuntu18.04_amd64.deb ``` --> ### 安装 VSCode 扩展 以下仅为推荐扩展，请根据自己的技术栈及个人喜好自行选择 - Markdown All in One - Markdown Preview Enhanced - markdownlint - Remote Development - Todo Tree - ESLint - Python - C/C++ ## 0x03 KDE 桌面优化 ### 系统设置 - 外观 - 全局主题 - 获取新的全局主题: `Nordic darker KDE`（不要使用） - Plasma 视觉风格: `nordic-darker-solid` - 颜色: `Breeze 微风深色` - 图标 - 获取新图标主题: `Fltery` - 工作区 - 工作区行为 - 单击文件、文件夹时: `选中` - 锁屏 - 自动锁定屏幕: 如果空闲 `30` 分钟 - 锁屏多久后需要密码解锁: `0` 秒 - 窗口管理 - 任务切换器 - 获取新任务切换器: `MediumDefault` - 主窗口 - 可视化选择 `MediumDefault` - 开机与关机 - 自动启动 - 添加: `Fcitx 5` - 搜索 - Plasma 搜索 - 配置 KRunner - 关闭 `在酌满按下任意按键时激活` - 关闭 `记住过去的搜索` - 关闭 `重新打开时保留上次搜索` - 关闭 `活动感知` - 网络 - 网络设置 - 代理 - 选择 `使用手动配置的代理服务器` - HTTP 代理: `127.0.0.1` 端口: `7890` - 打开 `所有协议都使用同样的代理服务器` - 硬件 - 电源管理 - 节能 - 屏幕节能: 关闭前等待时间 `30` 分钟 - 关闭 `挂起会话` - 合上笔记本盖时: `无操作` ### 面板配置 - 面板高度: `46` - 图标任务管理器 - 行为 - 分组: `不分组` - 显示的任务: 打开 `当前屏幕的任务` - 数字时钟 - 外观 - 打开 `显示秒` - 时间显示: `24 小时制` ### Konsole 配置 - 设置 - 显示工具栏 - 关闭 `主工具栏` - 关闭 `会话工具栏` - 配置 Konsole - 常规 - 关闭 `记住窗口大小` - 配置方案: 新建 - 常规 - `Default` - 打开 `默认配置方案` - 初始终端尺寸: `140` 列 `30` 行 - 外观 - 配色方案和字体 - 获取新的: `Nordic konsole` - 滚动 - 回滚: `无限制` ## 0x05 其他优化配置 ### 字体优先级 本文环境下广泛使用 `Hack Nerd Font` 显示图标，使用 `Sarasa Term SC` 作为等宽字体 创建 `/etc/fonts/local.conf` 配置字体优先级如下 ```xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd"> <fontconfig> <alias> <family>serif</family> <prefer> <family>Sarasa Term SC</family> <family>Hack Nerd Font</family> </prefer> </alias> <alias> <family>sans-serif</family> <prefer> <family>Sarasa Term SC</family> <family>Hack Nerd Font</family> </prefer> </alias> <alias> <family>monospace</family> <prefer> <family>Sarasa Term SC</family> <family>Hack Nerd Font</family> </prefer> </alias> </fontconfig> ``` ### ZSH 配置参考 `.zshrc` ```bash # apt install fonts-powerline # Download https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v3.0.2/Hack.zip # Extract the files and copy all font files to user font folder like ~/.local/share/fonts # fc-cache -f -v ### Added by Zinit's installer if [[ ! -f $HOME/.local/share/zinit/zinit.git/zinit.zsh ]]; then print -P "%F{33} %F{220}Installing %F{33}ZDHARMA-CONTINUUM%F{220} Initiative Plugin Manager (%F{33}zdharma-continuum/zinit%F{220})…%f" command mkdir -p "$HOME/.local/share/zinit" && command chmod g-rwX "$HOME/.local/share/zinit" command git clone https://github.com/zdharma-continuum/zinit "$HOME/.local/share/zinit/zinit.git" && \ print -P "%F{33} %F{34}Installation successful.%f%b" || \ print -P "%F{160} The clone has failed.%f%b" fi source /etc/zsh/zprofile source "$HOME/.local/share/zinit/zinit.git/zinit.zsh" autoload -Uz _zinit (( ${+_comps} )) && _comps[zinit]=_zinit ### End of Zinit's installer chunk HISTFILE="$HOME/.zsh_history" HISTSIZE=10000 SAVEHIST=10000 setopt BANG_HIST # Treat the '!' character specially during expansion. setopt EXTENDED_HISTORY # Write the history file in the ":start:elapsed;command" format. setopt INC_APPEND_HISTORY # Write to the history file immediately, not when the shell exits. setopt SHARE_HISTORY # Share history between all sessions. setopt HIST_EXPIRE_DUPS_FIRST # Expire duplicate entries first when trimming history. setopt HIST_IGNORE_DUPS # Don't record an entry that was just recorded again. setopt HIST_IGNORE_ALL_DUPS # Delete old recorded entry if new entry is a duplicate. setopt HIST_FIND_NO_DUPS # Do not display a line previously found. setopt HIST_IGNORE_SPACE # Don't record an entry starting with a space. setopt HIST_SAVE_NO_DUPS # Don't write duplicate entries in the history file. setopt HIST_REDUCE_BLANKS # Remove superfluous blanks before recording entry. setopt HIST_VERIFY # Don't execute immediately upon history expansion. setopt HIST_BEEP # Beep when accessing nonexistent history. # apt install fzf zinit ice depth='1' lucid wait='0' atload='_zsh_autosuggest_start' zinit light zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions zinit ice depth='1' lucid wait='0' zinit light zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting zinit ice depth='1' zinit light zsh-users/zsh-completions zinit ice depth='1' zinit light romkatv/powerlevel10k zinit ice lucid wait='0' zinit snippet OMZ::plugins/jsontools/jsontools.plugin.zsh zinit ice lucid wait='0' zinit snippet OMZ::plugins/fzf/fzf.plugin.zsh zinit ice lucid wait='0' zinit snippet OMZ::lib/completion.zsh autoload -U compinit && compinit # To customize prompt, run `p10k configure` or edit ~/.p10k.zsh. if [ ${DISPLAY} ]; then [[ ! -f ~/.p10k.gui.zsh ]] || source ~/.p10k.gui.zsh else [[ ! -f ~/.p10k.terminal.zsh ]] || source ~/.p10k.terminal.zsh fi alias ls='ls --color=auto' alias grep='grep --color=auto' alias ll='ls -lh' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CF' # advcpmv Site: https://github.com/jarun/advcpmv # ===== advcpmv Step Start ===== # ===== from source code # wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/coreutils-9.4.tar.xz # tar Jxvf coreutils-9.4.tar.xz # cd coreutils-9.4/ # wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jarun/advcpmv/master/advcpmv-0.9-9.4.patch # patch -p1 -i advcpmv-0.9-9.4.patch # ./configure # make # sudo chmod +x ./src/cp ./src/mv # sudo chown root. ./src/cp ./src/mv # sudo mv ./src/cp /usr/local/bin/cpg # sudo mv ./src/mv /usr/local/bin/mvg # ===== advcpmv Step Finish ===== alias cp='/usr/local/bin/cpg -g' alias mv='/usr/local/bin/mvg -g' # bat Site: https://github.com/sharkdp/bat # ===== bat Step Start ===== # ===== from github # Download release from https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/releases # apt install ./bat-musl_x.xx.x_amd64.deb # ===== bat Step Finish ===== alias cat='batcat --paging=never -p' precmd () { echo -n "\x1b]1337;CurrentDir=$(pwd)\x07" } ``` ### Powerlevel10k 配置 Powerlevel10k 是 zsh 的主题，在 `.zshrc` 中我们声明了在桌面环境和终端环境下使用不同的 p10k 配置，即桌面环境使用图标更多更友好的终端主题配置，而在终端环境下使用更保守的终端主题配置以保证兼容性，以下为两个配置文件完整内容链接 [p10k Config for GUI](https://dl.leviatan.cn/Config/zsh/p10k.gui.zsh) [p10k Config for Terminal](https://dl.leviatan.cn/Config/zsh/p10k.terminal.zsh) 最后修改：2023 年 09 月 23 日 © 允许规范转载 赞 如果觉得我的文章对你有用，请随意赞赏
