Loading... ## 0x00 简介 本文仅适用于配置 Debian 12 Bookworm 文中包含 KDE Plasma X11 桌面配置 文中使用 `debianuser` 代替用户名,执行命令或复制配置时请注意替换 文中涉及的带版本号的软件包/环境,版本号使用 `xxx` 代替,请根据实际情况安装最新版本或自己需要的版本 本文编辑整理时间距离实践时间相隔过长,编辑过程中可能出现不准确内容,如果在您的时间过程中发现与本文不符的情况,请尽量在评论区留言,我将尽快确认更新 ## 0x01 基础配置 该步骤中大部分操作需要重启,所以不要根据配置完成后的应用运行状态来判断配置是否成功 在该步骤末尾会重启一次应用所有配置 ### 使用英文重命名 `/home` 目录下文件夹 ```bash cd ~ mkdir Desktop Download Templates Public Documents Music Pictures Videos rm -rf 公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面 xdg-user-dirs-update --set DESKTOP ~/Desktop xdg-user-dirs-update --set DOWNLOAD ~/Download xdg-user-dirs-update --set TEMPLATES ~/Templates xdg-user-dirs-update --set PUBLICSHARE ~/Public xdg-user-dirs-update --set DOCUMENTS ~/Documents xdg-user-dirs-update --set MUSIC ~/Music xdg-user-dirs-update --set PICTURES ~/Pictures xdg-user-dirs-update --set VIDEOS ~/Videos ``` ### 将用户添加到 sudoers 中 该步骤需要先切换到 `root` 身份 `Ctrl + Alt + F3` 切换到纯命令行界面的新终端,并以 `root` 身份登录进行操作 结束后使用 `exit` 退出终端,按 `Ctrl + Alt + F1/F2` 切换回用户身份图形界面 根据桌面环境及发行版本不同,快捷键可能有差异,但大多都是 `Ctrl + Alt + F1-F12` > 以下命令在 `root` 身份下执行 ```bash chmod +w /etc/sudoers cat >> /etc/sudoers << EOF debianuser ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL EOF chmod -w /etc/sudoers exit ``` > 以上命令在 `root` 身份下执行 ### 更换软件源 ```bash sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<-'EOF' deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-proposed-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian stable-proposed-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware # deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware # deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware EOF sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade sudo apt dist-upgrade ``` ### 其他软件源 #### Docker CE ```bash sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings curl -fsSL https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker-ce.list <<-'EOF' deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/debian bookworm stable EOF sudo apt update sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin ``` ### 配置基础软件包 ```bash sudo apt install vim wget curl htop git proxychains4 screenfetch tmux bash-completion fcitx5-rime chromium fcitx5 zsh fonts-powerline fzf net-tools openssh-server firewalld bat ``` ### 卸载无用软件包 主要卸载一些多语言支持和游戏包,可跳过 #### KDE 注意:**卸载包时请注意同时卸载了哪些依赖,防止出现依赖问题导致卸载掉整个桌面环境** ```bash sudo apt remove --purge ibus* goldendict sudo apt autoremove --purge ``` ### 无线网卡驱动 如果你的电脑存在无线网卡,并且在安装好操作系统之后发现无线网卡无法使用,请尝试如下步骤 ```bash sudo apt install firmware-iwlwifi sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi sudo modprobe iwlwifi ``` ### Nvidia 显卡驱动 如果你的电脑存在 Nvidia 显卡,并且在安装好操作系统之后发现显卡无法使用,请尝试如下步骤 ```bash sudo apt install nvidia-detect sudo nvidia-detect ``` 该步骤会根据硬件检测应该安装哪些驱动,请按照输出安装对应的驱动,例如提示 `nvidia-driver` ```bash sudo apt install nvidia-driver ``` ### tmux 快捷键 ```bash sudo tee /etc/tmux.conf <<-'EOF' set -g prefix C-a unbind C-b bind C-a send-prefix EOF ``` ### 安装 Clash for Windows 从 [GitHub - Fndroid/clash_for_windows_pkg](https://github.com/Fndroid/clash_for_windows_pkg) 下载 CFW,注意下载 `Clash.for.Windows-x.xx.x-x64-linux.tar.gz` 将其解压到 `~/.local/share/cfw` ```bash mkdir $HOME/.local/share/cfw chown debianuser:debianuser $HOME/.local/share/cfw tar zxvf Clash.for.Windows-x.xx.x-x64-linux.tar.gz -C $HOME/.local/share/cfw --strip-components 1 ``` 创建 `~/.local/share/applications/cfw.desktop` 用于显示桌面图标 ```bash touch ~/.local/share/applications/cfw.desktop tee ~/.local/share/applications/cfw.desktop <<-'EOF' [Desktop Entry] Version=1.0 Name=Clash For Windows GenericName=Clash For Windows Comment=Clash For Windows for Linux Exec=/home/debianuser/.local/share/cfw/cfw Terminal=false Type=Application Icon=/home/debianuser/.local/share/cfw/logo.png Categories=Network EOF ``` ### 配置 ZSH 切换到 zsh ```bash chsh -s /bin/zsh # If you have a specific zshrc sudo cp ~/.zshrc /root ``` 完成以上步骤后切换到 `root` 用户将自动为其配置 zsh, zinit 及 `.zshrc` 中配置的插件 自行配置 p10k 主题前请先按照 *0x05 其他优化配置* 正确配置字体 ### 重启 ```bash sudo reboot ``` ## 0x02 安装应用 下载 [Google Chrome](https://www.google.cn/chrome/) 下载 [Microsoft Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) 下载 [JetBrains Toolbox App](https://www.jetbrains.com/toolbox-app/) 下载 [Go for Linux](https://golang.org/dl/) 下载 [nvm](https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm/) ```bash sudo apt install ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb sudo apt install ./code_xxx_amd64.deb sudo apt remove --purge 'firefox-esr*' ``` ### JetBrains Toolbox 用于管理 JetBrains IDE ```bash tar zxvf jetbrains-toolbox-xxx.tar.gz ./jetbrains-toolbox-xxx/jetbrains-toolbox ``` #### Activate by code 访问 [jetbra.in/s](https://jetbra.in/s),网站使用 IPFS 存储,跳转到 `JETBRA.IN CHECKER | IPFS`,在列表中选择任意可用节点访问即可 下载页面顶部的 `jetbra.zip`,按照 README 说明配置即可 ### Go & nvm & Java 建议将 go 和 nvm 分别安装到 `/usr/local/go` 和 `/usr/local/nvm` 下 为 java 创建 `/usr/local/java` 目录,将各版本 jdk 统一解压到该目录下便于管理 ```bash mkdir $HOME/.local/go mkdir $HOME/.local/nvm tar zxvf Downloads/goxxxlinux-amd64.tar.gz -C $HOME/.local/go/ --strip-components=1 chmod +x nvm_install.sh NVM_DIR="$HOME/.local/nvm" ./nvm_install.sh tee $HOME/.profile <<-'EOF' source /etc/profile export NVM_NODEJS_ORG_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node export GOROOT="$HOME/.local/go" export JAVA_HOME="$HOME/.local/java/jdk-xxx" export PATH="$PATH:$GOROOT/bin" export PATH="$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin" EOF ``` 配置 Go Modules,Go 代理并切换 npm 源 ```bash go env -w GO111MODULE=on go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,https://goproxy.io,direct nvm install --lts nvm alias default lts/* npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com/ ``` ### 安装 VSCode 扩展 以下仅为推荐扩展,请根据自己的技术栈及个人喜好自行选择 - ms-vscode.cpptools - ms-azuretools.vscode-docker - dbaeumer.vscode-eslint - golang.go - yzhang.markdown-all-in-one - shd101wyy.markdown-preview-enhanced - DavidAnson.vscode-markdownlint - ms-python.vscode-pylance - ms-python.python - Vue.volar ## 0x03 KDE 桌面优化 ### 系统设置 - 外观 - 全局主题 - 获取新的全局主题: `Nordic darker KDE` - 工作区行为 - 常规行为 - 单击文件、文件夹时: `选中` - 锁屏 - 自动锁定屏幕: 如果空闲 `30` 分钟 - 锁屏多久后需要密码解锁: `0` 秒 - 最近文件 - 记住打开过的文档: `不要记住` - 窗口管理 - 窗口行为 - 标题栏操作 - 标题栏和边框操作 - 中击: `无操作` `无操作` - 任务切换器 - 获取新任务切换器: `MediumDefault` - 主窗口 - 可视化: `MediumDefault` - 开机与关机 - 桌面会话 - 会话恢复 - 登录时启动之前打开的应用程序: `启动为空会话` - 搜索 - Plasma 搜索 - 关闭 `浏览器历史记录` - 关闭 `网络搜索关键词` - 配置 KRunner - 关闭 `在桌面按下任意按键时激活` - 关闭 `记住过去的搜索` - 关闭 `重新打开时保留上次搜索` - 关闭 `活动感知` - 网络设置 - 代理 - 选择 `使用手动配置的代理服务器` - HTTP 代理: `127.0.0.1` 端口: `7890` - 打开 `所有协议都使用同样的代理服务器` - 电源管理 - 节能 - 屏幕节能: 关闭前等待时间 `30` 分钟 - 关闭 `挂起会话` - 合上笔记本盖时: `无操作` ### 面板配置 - 面板高度: `46` - 图标任务管理器 - 行为 - 分组: `不分组` - 显示的任务: 打开 `当前屏幕的任务` - 数字时钟 - 外观 - 打开 `显示秒` - 时间显示: `24 小时制` ### Konsole 配置 - 设置 - 显示工具栏 - 关闭 `主工具栏` - 关闭 `会话工具栏` - 配置 Konsole - 常规 - 关闭 `记住窗口大小` - 配置方案: 新建 - 常规 - `Default` - 打开 `默认配置方案` - 初始终端尺寸: `140` 列 `30` 行 - 外观 - 配色方案和字体 - 获取新的: `Nordic konsole` - 滚动 - 回滚: `无限制` ## 0x05 其他优化配置 ### 字体优先级 本文环境下广泛使用 `Hack Nerd Font` 显示图标,使用 `Sarasa Term SC` 作为等宽字体 创建 `/etc/fonts/local.conf` 配置字体优先级如下 ```xml <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "fonts.dtd"> <fontconfig> <alias> <family>serif</family> <prefer> <family>Sarasa Term SC</family> <family>Hack Nerd Font</family> </prefer> </alias> <alias> <family>sans-serif</family> <prefer> <family>Sarasa Term SC</family> <family>Hack Nerd Font</family> </prefer> </alias> <alias> <family>monospace</family> <prefer> <family>Sarasa Term SC</family> <family>Hack Nerd Font</family> </prefer> </alias> </fontconfig> ``` ### ZSH 配置参考 `.zshrc` ```bash # Enable Powerlevel10k instant prompt. Should stay close to the top of ~/.zshrc. # Initialization code that may require console input (password prompts, [y/n] # confirmations, etc.) must go above this block; everything else may go below. if [[ -r "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh" ]]; then source "${XDG_CACHE_HOME:-$HOME/.cache}/p10k-instant-prompt-${(%):-%n}.zsh" fi # apt install fonts-powerline # Download https://github.com/ryanoasis/nerd-fonts/releases/download/v3.0.2/Hack.zip # Extract the files and copy all font files to user font folder like ~/.local/share/fonts # fc-cache -f -v ### Added by Zinit's installer if [[ ! -f $HOME/.local/share/zinit/zinit.git/zinit.zsh ]]; then print -P "%F{33} %F{220}Installing %F{33}ZDHARMA-CONTINUUM%F{220} Initiative Plugin Manager (%F{33}zdharma-continuum/zinit%F{220})…%f" command mkdir -p "$HOME/.local/share/zinit" && command chmod g-rwX "$HOME/.local/share/zinit" command git clone https://github.com/zdharma-continuum/zinit "$HOME/.local/share/zinit/zinit.git" && \ print -P "%F{33} %F{34}Installation successful.%f%b" || \ print -P "%F{160} The clone has failed.%f%b" fi source /etc/zsh/zprofile source $HOME/.profile source "$HOME/.local/share/zinit/zinit.git/zinit.zsh" autoload -Uz _zinit (( ${+_comps} )) && _comps[zinit]=_zinit ### End of Zinit's installer chunk HISTFILE="$HOME/.zsh_history" HISTSIZE=10000 SAVEHIST=10000 setopt BANG_HIST # Treat the '!' character specially during expansion. setopt EXTENDED_HISTORY # Write the history file in the ":start:elapsed;command" format. setopt INC_APPEND_HISTORY # Write to the history file immediately, not when the shell exits. setopt SHARE_HISTORY # Share history between all sessions. setopt HIST_EXPIRE_DUPS_FIRST # Expire duplicate entries first when trimming history. setopt HIST_IGNORE_DUPS # Don't record an entry that was just recorded again. setopt HIST_IGNORE_ALL_DUPS # Delete old recorded entry if new entry is a duplicate. setopt HIST_FIND_NO_DUPS # Do not display a line previously found. setopt HIST_IGNORE_SPACE # Don't record an entry starting with a space. setopt HIST_SAVE_NO_DUPS # Don't write duplicate entries in the history file. setopt HIST_REDUCE_BLANKS # Remove superfluous blanks before recording entry. setopt HIST_VERIFY # Don't execute immediately upon history expansion. setopt HIST_BEEP # Beep when accessing nonexistent history. # apt install fzf zinit ice depth='1' lucid wait='0' atload='_zsh_autosuggest_start' zinit light zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions zinit ice depth='1' lucid wait='0' zinit light zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting zinit ice depth='1' zinit light zsh-users/zsh-completions zinit ice depth='1' zinit light romkatv/powerlevel10k zinit ice lucid wait='0' zinit snippet OMZ::plugins/jsontools/jsontools.plugin.zsh zinit ice lucid wait='0' zinit snippet OMZ::plugins/fzf/fzf.plugin.zsh zinit ice lucid wait='0' zinit snippet OMZ::lib/completion.zsh autoload -U compinit && compinit # To customize prompt, run `p10k configure` or edit ~/.p10k.zsh. if [ ${DISPLAY} ]; then [[ ! -f ~/.p10k.gui.zsh ]] || source ~/.p10k.gui.zsh else export LANG=en_US.UTF-8 [[ ! -f ~/.p10k.terminal.zsh ]] || source ~/.p10k.terminal.zsh fi alias ls='ls --color=auto' alias grep='grep --color=auto' alias ll='ls -lh' alias la='ls -A' alias l='ls -CF' # advcpmv Site: https://github.com/jarun/advcpmv # ===== advcpmv Step Start ===== # ===== from source code # wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/coreutils-9.4.tar.xz # tar Jxvf coreutils-9.4.tar.xz # cd coreutils-9.4/ # wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jarun/advcpmv/master/advcpmv-0.9-9.4.patch # patch -p1 -i advcpmv-0.9-9.4.patch # ./configure # make # sudo chmod +x ./src/cp ./src/mv # sudo chown root. ./src/cp ./src/mv # sudo mv ./src/cp /usr/local/bin/cpg # sudo mv ./src/mv /usr/local/bin/mvg # ===== advcpmv Step Finish ===== alias cp='/usr/local/bin/cpg -g' alias mv='/usr/local/bin/mvg -g' # bat Site: https://github.com/sharkdp/bat # ===== bat Step Start ===== # ===== from github # Download release from https://github.com/sharkdp/bat/releases # apt install ./bat-musl_x.xx.x_amd64.deb # ===== bat Step Finish ===== alias cat='batcat --paging=never -p' ``` ### Powerlevel10k 配置 Powerlevel10k 是 zsh 的主题,在 `.zshrc` 中我们声明了在桌面环境和终端环境下使用不同的 p10k 配置,即桌面环境使用图标更多更友好的终端主题配置,而在终端环境下使用更保守的终端主题配置以保证兼容性,执行 `p10k configure` 来生成配置文件 最后修改:2024 年 03 月 16 日 © 允许规范转载 赞 2 如果觉得我的文章对你有用,请随意赞赏